Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), primarily from human fossil fuel combustion,
reduces ocean pH and causes wholesale shifts in seawater carbonate chemistry. The …

Ecology Letters (2010) 13: 1419–1434 Abstract Ocean acidification is a pervasive stressor
that could affect many marine organisms and cause profound ecological shifts. A variety of …

Prediction of the impact of global climate change on marine HABs is fraught with difficulties.
However, we can learn important lessons from the fossil record of dinoflagellate cysts; long …

Ocean acidification and warming are considered two of the greatest threats to marine
biodiversity, yet the combined effect of these stressors on marine organisms remains largely …

Ocean acidification is rapidly changing the carbonate system of the world oceans. Past mass
extinction events have been linked to ocean acidification, and the current rate of change in …

1.1 Background Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the most impor-tant gases in the
atmosphere, affecting the radiative heat balance of the earth as well as the calcium …

Coccolithophores have influenced the global climate for over 200 million years. These
marine phytoplankton can account for 20 per cent of total carbon fixation in some systems …

The vertical separation of organic matter formation from respiration can lead to net carbon
sequestration within the ocean's interior, making the biological pump an important …

Ocean acidification poses a global threat to biodiversity, yet species might have the capacity
to adapt through evolutionary change. Here we summarize tools available to determine …

The world's oceans are a major sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). The biological
carbon pump plays a vital role in the net transfer of CO2 from the atmosphere to the oceans …