Physics principles of inertial confinement fusion and US program overview

OA Hurricane, PK Patel, R Betti, DH Froula… - Reviews of Modern …, 2023 - APS
Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) has existed as a field of study since the 1970s, but the field
was born out of the Cold War. In the decades since the 1960s, pioneering research …

Instabilities and mixing in inertial confinement fusion

Y Zhou, JD Sadler, OA Hurricane - Annual Review of Fluid …, 2025 - annualreviews.org
By imploding fuel of hydrogen isotopes, inertial confinement fusion (ICF) aims to create
conditions that mimic those in the Sun's core. This is fluid dynamics in an extreme regime …

Lawson criterion for ignition exceeded in an inertial fusion experiment

H Abu-Shawareb, R Acree, P Adams, J Adams… - Physical review …, 2022 - APS
For more than half a century, researchers around the world have been engaged in attempts
to achieve fusion ignition as a proof of principle of various fusion concepts. Following the …

[HTML][HTML] Burning plasma achieved in inertial fusion

AB Zylstra, OA Hurricane, DA Callahan, AL Kritcher… - Nature, 2022 - nature.com
Obtaining a burning plasma is a critical step towards self-sustaining fusion energy 1. A
burning plasma is one in which the fusion reactions themselves are the primary source of …

Experimental achievement and signatures of ignition at the National Ignition Facility

AB Zylstra, AL Kritcher, OA Hurricane, DA Callahan… - Physical Review E, 2022 - APS
An inertial fusion implosion on the National Ignition Facility, conducted on August 8, 2021
(N210808), recently produced more than a megajoule of fusion yield and passed Lawson's …

Design of inertial fusion implosions reaching the burning plasma regime

AL Kritcher, CV Young, HF Robey, CR Weber… - Nature Physics, 2022 - nature.com
In a burning plasma state,,,,,–, alpha particles from deuterium–tritium fusion reactions
redeposit their energy and are the dominant source of heating. This state has recently been …

[HTML][HTML] Progress toward fusion energy breakeven and gain as measured against the Lawson criterion

SE Wurzel, SC Hsu - Physics of Plasmas, 2022 - pubs.aip.org
The Lawson criterion is a key concept in the pursuit of fusion energy, relating the fuel density
n, pulse duration τ or energy confinement time τ E, and fuel temperature T to the energy gain …

Observations and properties of the first laboratory fusion experiment to exceed a target gain of unity

A Pak, AB Zylstra, KL Baker, DT Casey, E Dewald… - Physical Review E, 2024 - APS
An indirect-drive inertial fusion experiment on the National Ignition Facility was driven using
2.05 MJ of laser light at a wavelength of 351 nm and produced 3.1±0.16 MJ of total fusion …

Demonstration of hot-spot fuel gain exceeding unity in direct-drive inertial confinement fusion implosions

CA Williams, R Betti, V Gopalaswamy, JP Knauer… - Nature Physics, 2024 - nature.com
Irradiating a small capsule containing deuterium and tritium fuel directly with intense laser
light causes it to implode, which creates a plasma hot enough to initiate fusion reactions …

Design of an inertial fusion experiment exceeding the Lawson criterion for ignition

AL Kritcher, AB Zylstra, DA Callahan, OA Hurricane… - Physical Review E, 2022 - APS
We present the design of the first igniting fusion plasma in the laboratory by Lawson's
criterion that produced 1.37 MJ of fusion energy, Hybrid-E experiment N210808 (August 8 …