Nanomaterials exhibit structural and functional heterogeneity among individual
nanoparticles, thus requiring a capability to study single nanoparticles. While electron …

An optical microscope is probably the most intuitive, simple, and commonly used instrument
to observe objects and discuss behaviors through images. Although the idea of imaging …

Understanding ion transport kinetics and electrolyte-electrode interactions at electrode
surfaces of batteries in operation is essential to determine their performance and state of …

The understanding and rational design of heterogeneous catalysts for complex reactions,
such as CO2 reduction, requires knowledge of elementary steps and chemical species …

X-ray-based analytics are routinely applied in many fields, including physics, chemistry,
materials science, and engineering. The full potential of such techniques in the life sciences …

In situ and continuous monitoring of electrochemical activity is key to understanding and
evaluating the operation mechanism and efficiency of energy storage devices. However, this …

The redox properties of metallic nanoparticles are discussed, in particular the relationships
between excess charge, size and the Fermi level of the electrons. The redox potentials are …

The optical properties of metallic nanoparticles are highly sensitive to interparticle distance,
giving rise to dramatic but frequently irreversible color changes. By electrochemical …

Single nanoparticle (NP) electrochemical measurements are widely described, both
theoretically and experimentally, as they enable visualization of the electrochemical signal …

In the context of aquatic environmental issues, dynamic analysis of nano-sized inorganic
water pollutants has been one of the key topics concerning their seriously amplified threat to …