Cancer heterogeneity is regarded as the main reason for the failure of conventional cancer
therapy. The ability to reconstruct intra-and interpatient heterogeneity in cancer models is …

Tumor cells exist in close proximity with non-malignant cells. Extensive and multilayered
crosstalk between tumor cells and stromal cells tailors the tumor microenvironment (TME) to …

During tumorigenesis, breast tumour cells undergo metabolic reprogramming, which
generally includes enhanced glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle activity, glutaminolysis and …

Integrin-mediated adhesion of cells to the extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial for the
physiological development and functioning of tissues but is pathologically disrupted in …

Over the last decades, a great body of evidence has defined a novel view of the cellular
mechanism of action of the steroid hormone 17β-estradiol (E2) through its estrogen …

Endocrine therapy is the prominent strategy for the treatment of hormone-positive breast
cancers. The emergence of resistance to endocrine therapy is a major health concern …

Metastatic, antiestrogen resistant estrogen receptor α positive (ER+) breast cancer is the
leading cause of breast cancer deaths in USA women. While studies have demonstrated the …

Estrogen receptor positive breast neoplasias represent over 70% of diagnosed breast
cancers. Depending on the stage at which the tumor is detected, HER2 status and genomic …

Purpose Gene therapy is a promising and novel therapeutic strategy for many mutated gene-
associated diseases, including breast cancer. However, it poses significant biological …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex neighborhood that consists of immune
cells, fibroblasts, pericytes, adipocytes, endothelial and neuronal cells, and the extracellular …