Background To our knowledge, no publication providing overarching guidance on the
conduct of systematic reviews of observational studies of etiology exists. Methods and …

HIV prevalence is increasing worldwide because people on antiretroviral therapy are living
longer, although new infections decreased from 3· 3 million in 2002, to 2· 3 million in 2012 …

Background: Effective HIV prevention programs rely on accurate estimates of the per-act risk
of HIV acquisition from sexual and parenteral exposures. We updated the previous risk …

Bias analysis quantifies the infiuence of systematic error on an epidemiology study's
estimate of occurrence or estimate of association. The fundamental methods of bias analysis …

This chapter aims to support review authors who are considering including non‐randomized
studies of interventions (NRSI) in a Cochrane Review. NRSI are defined here as any …

We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies of the risk of HIV-1
transmission per heterosexual contact. 43 publications comprising 25 different study …

The HIV-1 pandemic is a complex mix of diverse epidemics within and between countries
and regions of the world, and is undoubtedly the defining public-health crisis of our time …

This chapter has been prepared by the Non-Randomised Studies Methods Group (NRSMG)
of The Cochrane Collaboration (see Box 13.8. a). It is intended to support review authors …

Originally developed by Glaser and Strauss, grounded theory is a useful research method
for researchers aiming to generate novel theory as it emerges from data gathered and …

The vast majority of women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) will be co-
infected with human papillomavirus (HPV). The interaction between the two sexually …