Surprisingly little is known about the nature and function of neurohormones in molluscs
despite the fact that many of the neurotransmitters, including serotonin, catecholamines and …

It is widely held that the bilaterian tubular gut with mouth and anus evolved from a simple gut
with one major gastric opening. However, there is no consensus on how this happened. Did …

Bisphenol A (BPA), a monomer used in plastic manufacturing, is weakly estrogenic and a
potential endocrine disruptor in mammals. Although it degrades quickly, it is pseudo …

Two lineages of bivalve transmissible neoplasia (BTN), BTN1 and BTN2, are known in blue
mussels Mytilus. Both lineages derive from the Pacific mussel M. trossulus and are identified …

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) represent a global threat to human health and the
environment. In vertebrates, lipophilic EDCs primarily act by mimicking endogenous …

The emerging paradigm on plastic pollution in marine environments is that microsize
particles (MPs) have far more subtle effects than bigger fragments, given their size range …

Bisphenol A-BPA, a widespread plastic additive, is an emerging contaminant of high
concern and a potential endocrine disruptor in mammals. BPA also represents a potential …

Background Bivalves comprise a large, highly diverse taxon of invertebrate species.
Developmental studies of neurogenesis among species of Bivalvia are limited. Due to a lack …

Background Reconstructing the evolutionary history of nervous systems requires an
understanding of their architecture and development across diverse taxa. The spiralians …

ABSTRACT A model organism in developmental biology is defined by its experimental
amenability and by resources created for the model system by the scientific community. For …