The Earth's climate is largely determined by its energy budget. Since the 1960s, satellite
remote sensing has been used in estimating these energy budget components at both the …

Snowfall may have different stable isotopic compositions compared with rainfall, allowing its
contribution to potentially be tracked through the hydrological cycle. This review summarizes …

2 Chapter 2 assesses observed large-scale changes in climate system drivers, key climate
indicators and 3 principal modes of variability. Chapter 3 considers model performance and …

This chapter assesses the state of physical, biological and social knowledge concerning the
Arctic and Antarctic ocean and cryosphere, how they are affected by climate change, and …

The Global Land Surface Satellite (GLASS) product suite currently contains 12 products,
including leaf area index, fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation, fraction of …

Quantification of snow cover changes and related phenology in global mountain areas has
not been consistently addressed, despite the well-known importance of the snow in this …

Accurate understanding the spatiotemporal variability of snow cover and snow phenology
over High Mountain Asia (HMA) is of great interest because of their vital impacts on the …

Notwithstanding the large availability of data and models, a consistent picture of the snow
cover extent and duration changes in global mountain areas is lacking for long-term trends …

Cloud and snow in remote sensing images typically block the underlying surface information
and interfere with the extraction of available information, so detecting cloud and snow …

This chapter assesses the state of physical, biological and social knowledge concerning the
Arctic and Antarctic ocean and cryosphere, how they are affected by climate change, and …