Anthropogenic impacts on twentieth-century ENSO variability changes

W Cai, B Ng, T Geng, F Jia, L Wu, G Wang… - Nature Reviews Earth & …, 2023 - nature.com
Abstract El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) sea surface temperature (SST) variability
increased after 1960, influenced by more frequent strong El Niño and La Niña events …

[HTML][HTML] Increased occurrences of consecutive La Niña events under global warming

T Geng, F Jia, W Cai, L Wu, B Gan, Z **g, S Li… - Nature, 2023 - nature.com
Abstract Most El Niño events occur sporadically and peak in a single winter,–, whereas La
Niña tends to develop after an El Niño and last for two years or longer,,–. Relative to single …

Emergence of changing central-pacific and eastern-pacific El Niño-Southern Oscillation in a warming climate

T Geng, W Cai, L Wu, A Santoso, G Wang… - Nature …, 2022 - nature.com
Abstract El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) features strong warm events in the eastern
equatorial Pacific (EP), or mild warm and strong cold events in the central Pacific (CP), with …

Projections of faster onset and slower decay of El Niño in the 21st century

H Lopez, SK Lee, D Kim, AT Wittenberg… - Nature …, 2022 - nature.com
Future changes in the seasonal evolution of the El Niño—Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
during its onset and decay phases have received little attention by the research community …

Dominant contribution of atmospheric nonlinearities to ENSO asymmetry and extreme El Niño events

G Srinivas, J Vialard, F Liu, A Voldoire, T Izumo… - Scientific Reports, 2024 - nature.com
Abstract Extreme El Niño events have outsized impacts and strongly contribute to the El
Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) warm/cold phase asymmetries. There is currently no …

Butterfly effect and a self-modulating El Niño response to global warming

W Cai, B Ng, T Geng, L Wu, A Santoso, MJ McPhaden - Nature, 2020 - nature.com
El Niño and La Niña, collectively referred to as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), are
not only highly consequential,,,,–but also strongly nonlinear,,,,,,–. For example, the maximum …

Redefined background state in the tropical Pacific resolves the entanglement between the background state and ENSO

P Huang, Y Chen, J Li, H Yan - npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, 2024 - nature.com
Understanding the co-variability between the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the
background state in the tropical Pacific is critical for projecting future ENSO. The difficulty is …

Equatorial pacific cold tongue bias degrades simulation of enso asymmetry due to underestimation of strong eastern pacific el niños

T Bayr, JF Lübbecke, J Vialard, M Latif - Journal of Climate, 2024 - journals.ametsoc.org
Abstract El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) exhibits a considerable asymmetry in sea
surface temperature anomalies (SSTa), as El Niño events tend to be stronger and centered …

Roles of the Indo-Pacific subsurface Kelvin waves and volume transport in prolonging the triple-dip 2020–2023 La Niña

M Li, Z Cao, AL Gordon, F Zheng… - Environmental Research …, 2023 - iopscience.iop.org
Abstract The rare triple-dip 2020–2023 La Niña event has resulted in a series of extreme
climate events across the globe. Here, we reveal the role of tropical Indo-Pacific oceanic …

El Niño and La Niña asymmetry in short-term predictability on springtime initial condition

H Chen, Y **, X Shen, X Lin, R Hu - Npj Climate and Atmospheric …, 2023 - nature.com
Abstract El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) asymmetry in predictability on springtime
initial condition remains unclear. From the perspective of the spring predictability barrier …