Phytoplankton photosynthesis and organic matter production fuel marine ecosystems and
provide the source material for trophic transfer and export to the ocean interior. Methods for …

Various types of floating algae have been reported in open oceans and coastal waters, yet
accurate and timely detection of these relatively small surface features using traditional …

Ocean colour is recognised as an Essential Climate Variable (ECV) by the Global Climate
Observing System (GCOS); and spectrally-resolved water-leaving radiances (or remote …

Map** of total suspended matter concentration (TSM) can be achieved from space-based
optical sensors and has growing applications related to sediment transport. A TSM algorithm …

Visible spectral radiometric measurements from space, commonly referred to as ocean-
colour measurements, provide a rich stream of information on ocean biota as well as on …

Secchi disk depth (Z SD) is a measure of water transparency, whose interpretation has wide
applications from diver visibility to studies of climate change. This transparency has been …

Abstract Secchi Disk Depth (Z sd) is one of the widely used water quality measurements.
Controlled by variations in Optically Active Constituents, it is a key index of overall water …

Lidar techniques present a distinctive ability to resolve vertical structure of optical properties
within the upper water column at both day-and night-time. However, accuracy challenges …

The European Regional Seas Ecosystem Model (ERSEM) is one of the most established
ecosystem models for the lower trophic levels of the marine food web in the scientific …

The propagation of downwelling irradiance at wavelength λ from surface to a depth (z) in the
ocean is governed by the diffuse attenuation coefficient,(λ). There are two standard methods …