Attention is critical to high-level cognition and attention deficits are a hallmark of neurologic
and neuropsychiatric disorders. Although years of research indicates that distinct …

The cerebellum has long been proposed to play a role in cognitive function, although this
has remained controversial. This idea has received renewed support with the recent …

Since its introduction, the reward prediction error theory of dopamine has explained a wealth
of empirical phenomena, providing a unifying framework for understanding the …

Physical exercise improves motor performance in individuals with Parkinson9s disease and
elevates mood in those with depression. Although underlying factors have not been …

The rationality principle postulates that decision-makers always choose the best action
available to them. It underlies most modern theories of decision-making. The principle does …

Adaptivity is a dynamical feature that is omnipresent in nature, socio-economics, and
technology. For example, adaptive couplings appear in various real-world systems, such as …

Drug addiction or substance-use disorder is a chronically relapsing disorder that progresses
through binge/intoxication, withdrawal/negative affect and preoccupation/anticipation …

The trade-off between reward and effort is at the heart of most behavioral theories, from
ecology to economics. Compared to reward, however, effort remains poorly understood …

Making decisions in environments with few choice options is easy. We select the action that
results in the most valued outcome. Making decisions in more complex environments, where …

We investigated the anatomical and functional organization of the human substantia nigra
(SN) using diffusion and functional MRI data from the Human Connectome Project. We …