Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is acknowledged as a major neuromodulator of
nervous systems in both invertebrates and vertebrates. It has been proposed for several …

Previous attempts to identify a unified theory of brain serotonin function have largely failed to
achieve consensus. In this present synthesis, we integrate previous perspectives with new …

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a severe and disabling psychiatric disorder that presents
several challenges for neuroscience. Recent advances in its genetic and developmental …

The primate prefrontal cortex (PFC) subserves our highest order cognitive operations, and
yet is tremendously dependent on a precise neurochemical environment for proper …

Reversal learning paradigms are among the most widely used tests of cognitive flexibility
and have been used as assays, across species, for altered cognitive processes in a host of …

Abstract Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a persistent, and impairing
pediatric-onset neurodevelopmental condition. Its high prevalence, and recurrent …

People with damage to the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) have specific problems making
decisions, whereas their other cognitive functions are spared. Neurophysiological studies …

In many circumstances alternative courses of action and thoughts have to be inhibited to
allow the emergence of goal-directed behavior. However, this has not been the accepted …

Background This review provides an overview of obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD)
symptoms, including the four partially distinct subtypes of the disorder, current diagnostic …

Successful goal-directed behavior requires not only correct action selection, planning, and
execution but also the ability to flexibly adapt behavior when performance problems occur or …