Snap‐through bistability is often observed in nature (eg, fast snap** to closure of Venus
flytrap) and the life (eg, bottle caps and hair clippers). Recently, harnessing bistability and …

Polymer-based dielectrics (PDs) with improved permittivity (k) have considerable
applications including capacitors, actuator devices and electrical power systems due to their …

Dielectric elastomers (DEs) can act as deformable capacitors that generate mechanical work
in response to an electric field. DEs are often based on commercial acrylic and silicone …

Artificial muscles are the core components of the smart and interactive soft robotic systems,
providing the capabilities in shape morphing, manipulation, and mobility. Intense research …

Soft robots have recently attracted increased attention because their characteristics of low‐
cost fabrication, durability, and deformability make them uniquely suited for applications in …

An ionotronic device functions by a hybrid circuit of mobile ions and mobile electrons.
Hydrogels are stretchable, transparent, ionic conductors that can transmit electrical signals …

Existing soft actuators have persistent challenges that restrain the potential of soft robotics,
highlighting a need for soft transducers that are powerful, high-speed, efficient, and robust …

This description of “soft robotics” is not intended to be a conventional review, in the sense of
a comprehensive technical summary of a develo** field. Rather, its objective is to describe …

Future robots and intelligent systems will autonomously navigate in unstructured
environments and closely collaborate with humans; integrated with our bodies and minds …

Abstract Machines are systems that harness input power to extend or advance function.
Fundamentally, machines are based on the integration of materials with mechanisms to …