Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are the important mediators of inflammatory pathways in the gut
which play a major role in mediating the immune responses towards a wide variety of …

Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is a member of the TLR family, mediating the transcriptional
induction of type I interferons (IFNs), proinflammatory cytokines, and chemokines, thereby …

Background/Aim. Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are pivotal biomolecules in the immune system.
Today, we are all aware of the importance of TLRs in bridging innate and adaptive immune …

A number of cationic antimicrobial peptides, effectors of innate immunity, are supposed to
act at the cytoplasmic membrane leading to permeabilization and eventually membrane …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors involved in
cardiovascular diseases. Notably, numerous studies have demonstrated that TLR4 activates …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder and a leading cause
of dementia, with accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) as …

Scavenger receptors (SRs) are a 'superfamily'of membrane-bound receptors that were
initially thought to bind and internalize modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL), though it is …

Axon degeneration is an intrinsic self-destruction program that underlies axon loss during
injury and disease. Sterile alpha and TIR motif–containing 1 (SARM1) protein is an essential …

Wallerian axon degeneration is a form of programmed subcellular death that promotes axon
breakdown in disease and injury. Active degeneration requires SARM1 and MAP kinases …

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative
bacteria. Minute amounts of LPS released from infecting pathogens can initiate potent innate …