The periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) is a key brain region of the descending pain
modulation pathway. It is also involved in cardiovascular functions, anxiety, and fear; …

The role of proinflammatory cytokines in neuropathic and inflammatory pain is well
established. Recent studies suggest that cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha …

The midbrain periaqueductal grey (PAG) is a critical region for the mediation of pain-related
behavioural responses. Neuronal tract tracing techniques in experimental animal studies …

The midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) is a key structure involved in the supraspinal
modulation of pain. Previous studies have reported the association of gut inflammation …

The antinociceptive effects of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9‐THC) have been widely
described; however, its therapeutic potential may be limited by secondary effects. We …

Abstract Study Objectives Insufficient sleep and chronic pain are public health epidemics.
Sleep loss worsens pain and predicts the development of chronic pain. Whether previous …

Brain activity explains the essential features of near‐death experience, including the
perceptions of envelopment by light, out‐of‐body, and meeting deceased loved ones or …

Background: A chronic pancreatitis model was developed in young male Lewis rats fed a
high-fat and alcohol liquid diet beginning at three weeks. The model was used to assess …

Why do people have near-death experiences? Are there physical explanations for those out-
of-body sensations and tunnels of light? And what about moments of spiritual ecstasy? If …

Previous research has suggested that the ventrolateral column of the periaqueductal gray
(vlPAG) plays a crucial role in triggering a decompensatory response (sympathoinhibition …