Proteins are dynamic entities that undergo a plethora of conformational changes that may
take place on a wide range of time scales. These changes can be as small as the rotation of …

The face of evolutionary biology is changing: from reconstructing and analysing the past to
predicting future evolutionary processes. Recent developments include prediction of …

It has long been recognized that certain sites within a protein, such as sites in the protein
core or catalytic residues in enzymes, are evolutionarily more conserved than other sites …

Advances in sequencing techniques and statistical methods have made it possible not only
to predict sequences of ancestral proteins but also to identify thousands of mutations in the …

Adaptation proceeds through the selection of mutations. The distribution of mutant fitness
effect and the forces sha** this distribution are therefore keys to predict the evolutionary …

The study of molecular evolution at the level of protein-coding genes often entails comparing
large datasets of sequences to infer their evolutionary relationships. Despite the importance …

Substitution models of evolution describe the process of genetic variation through fixed
mutations and constitute the basis of the evolutionary analysis at the molecular level. Almost …

The present review focuses on the evolution of proteins and the impact of amino acid
mutations on function from a structural perspective. Proteins evolve under the law of natural …

Understanding and predicting how amino acid substitutions affect proteins are keys to our
basic understanding of protein function and evolution. Amino acid changes may affect …

Our lack of total understanding of the intricacies of how enzymes behave has constrained
our ability to robustly engineer substrate specificity. Furthermore, the mechanisms of natural …