The roles of orexinergic system (orexin-A, orexin-B) and their receptors (orexin receptor type-
1, orexin receptor type-2) in various physiological processes such as arousal, reward …

This paper is the thirty-fifth consecutive installment of the annual review of research
concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2012 …

Introduction Primary headaches, including migraines and cluster headaches, are highly
prevalent disorders that significantly impact quality of life. Several factors suggest a key role …

Accumulating evidence support the critical role of endogenous orexin system in modulation
of various physiological functions. Among these, regulation of pain and wakefulness have …

Chronic postsurgical pain is a serious issue in clinical practice. After surgery, patients
experience ongoing pain or become sensitive to incident, normally nonpainful stimulation …

Background/aims Functional dyspepsia (FD) is often comorbid with sleep disturbance.
However, it is not fully understood how sleep disturbance affects the pathophysiology of FD …

The complicated relevance between stress and pain has been identified. Neurotransmitters
and neuropeptides of various brain areas play a role in this communication. Pain inhibitory …

Stress activates multiple neural pathways and neurotransmitters that often suppress pain
perception, the phenomenon called stress-induced analgesia (SIA). Orexin neurons from the …

Stress suppresses the sense of pain, a physiological phenomenon known as stress-induced
analgesia (SIA). Brain orexin peptides regulate many physiological functions, including …

In this study, an inclusion complex with β-cyclodextrin and farnesol (βCD/FAR) was used to
improve the physico-chemical and pharmacological properties of farnesol. The samples …