Meat has featured prominently as a source of foodborne disease and a public health
concern. For about the past 20 years the risk management paradigm has dominated …

Dose is the nexus between exposure and all upstream processes that determine pathogen
pressure, and is thereby an important element underlying disease dynamics. Understanding …

The Bacillus cereus group contains vertebrate pathogens such as B. anthracis and B. cereus
and the invertebrate pathogen B. thuringiensis (Bt). Microbial biopesticides based on Bt are …

The Gram‐positive soil bacterium B acillus thuringiensis has been developed as the leading
microbial insecticide for years. The pathogenesis of B. thuringiensis requires common …

Passage experiments that sequentially infect hosts with parasites have long been used to
manipulate virulence. However, for many invertebrate pathogens, passage has been …

Understanding the ecological and genetic factors that determine the evolution of virulence
has broad value for invertebrate pathology. In addition to hel** us understand the …

The high‐dose/refuge strategy has been the primary approach for resistance management
in transgenic crops engineered with Bacillus thuringiensis toxins. However, there are …

Immune responses are induced by parasite exposure and can in turn reduce parasite
burden. Despite such apparently simple rules of engagement, key drivers of within-host …

Theory suggests that symbionts can readily evolve more parasitic or mutualistic strategies
with respect to hosts. However, many symbionts have stable interactions with hosts that …

Cooperation depends upon high relatedness, the high genetic similarity of interacting
partners relative to the wider population. For pathogenic bacteria, which show diverse …