Women are at twice the risk for anxiety and depression disorders as men are, although the
underlying biological factors and mechanisms are largely unknown. In this review, we …

Despite widespread sex differences in prevalence and presentation of numerous illnesses
affecting the human brain, there has been little focus on the effect of endocrine ageing. Most …

Sex differences are reported in hippocampal plasticity, cognition, and in a number of
disorders that target the integrity of the hippocampus. For example, meta-analyses reveal …

Increasing evidence indicates that ovarian hormones affect brain structure, chemistry and
function of women in their reproductive age, potentially sha** their behavior and mental …

It is well established that estrogens affect neuroplasticity in a number of brain regions. In
particular, estrogens modulate and mediate spine and synapse formation as well as …

Traditionally sex hormones have been associated with reproductive and developmental
processes only. Since the 1950s we know that hormones can have organizational effects on …

Sex differences are found across brain regions, behaviors, and brain diseases. Sexual
differentiation of the brain is initiated prenatally but it continues throughout life, as a result of …

The brain is an endocrine organ, sensitive to the rhythmic changes in sex hormone
production that occurs in most mammalian species. In rodents and nonhuman primates …

Ovarian hormones have substantial effects on the brain, and early menopause has been
associated with increased risk of accelerated brain aging and dementia later in life …

Ovarian hormones, particularly 17β-estradiol, are involved in numerous neurophysiological
and neurochemical processes, including those subserving cognitive function. Estradiol plays …