BACKGROUND The idea that memory is stored as enduring changes in the brain dates
back at least to the time of Plato and Aristotle (circa 350 BCE), but its scientific articulation …

The hippocampus and its extended network contribute to encoding and recall of episodic
experiences. Drawing from recent anatomical, physiological, and behavioral studies, we …

It is increasingly clear that memories are distributed across multiple brain areas. Such
“engram complexes” are important features of memory formation and consolidation. Here …

The empathic ability to vicariously experience the other's fearful situation, a process called
observational fear (OF), is critical to survive in nature and function in society. OF can be …

Social memory has been developed in humans and other animals to recognize familiar
conspecifics and is essential for their survival and reproduction. Here, we demonstrated that …

Synapses are specialized sites where neurons connect and communicate with each other.
Activity-dependent modification of synaptic structure and function provides a mechanism for …

The consolidation of declarative memories is believed to occur mostly during sleep and
involves a dialogue between two brain regions, the hippocampus and the medial prefrontal …

Highlights•Engram cell labelling technology is transforming how we can investigate
memory.•Different forms of engram cell specific plasticity can be observed and …

Contextual learning is a critical component of episodic memory and important for living in
any environment. Context can be described as the attributes of a location that are not the …

Hippocampal sharp wave-ripples (SWR) are thought to mediate brain-wide reactivation of
memory traces in service of memory consolidation. However, rather than the faithful replay of …