The issues of describing and understanding the changes in performance that result when a
catalyst is placed into plasma are discussed. The different chemical and physical …

Probing surface chemistry during reactions closer to realistic conditions is crucial for the
understanding of mechanisms in heterogeneous catalysis. Near ambient pressure X-ray …

Heterogeneous catalyst surfaces are dynamic entities that respond rapidly to changes in
their local gas environment, and the dynamics of the response is a decisive factor for the …

We investigated the intrinsic reactivity of CO on single-layer and multilayer PdO (101) grown
on Pd (100) using temperature-programmed reaction spectroscopy (TPRS) and reflection …

Performing fundamental operando catalysis studies under realistic conditions is a key to
further develop and increase the efficiency of industrial catalysts. Operando X-ray …

In catalysis, nanoparticles enable chemical transformations and their structural and chemical
fingerprints control activity. To develop understanding of such fingerprints, methods studying …

Many surface science experiments within heterogeneous catalysis are now conducted in
realistic conditions at higher pressures. At these pressures, localized gas conditions will …

We have developed an electrochemical cell for in situ 2-Dimensional Surface Optical
Reflectance (2D-SOR) studies during anodization and cyclic voltammetry. The 2D-SOR …

We have developed a microscope with a spatial resolution of 5 μm, which can be used to
image the two-dimensional surface optical reflectance (2D-SOR) of polycrystalline samples …

We have combined high-energy surface X-ray diffraction (HESXRD) with 2D surface optical
reflectance (2D-SOR) to perform in situ electrochemical measurements of a Au (111) …