The mutualism between plants and their pollinators provides globally important ecosystem
services, but it is likely to be disrupted by global warming that can cause mismatches …

Highlights•Bees' specific nutritional requirements are partitioned between pollen and
nectar.•Nectar and pollen provide carbohydrates, protein, lipids, and micronutrients.•Bee …

As bees' main source of protein and lipids, pollen is critical for their development,
reproduction, and health. Plant species vary considerably in the macronutrient content of …

To fuel their activities and rear their offspring, foraging bees must obtain a sufficient quality
and quantity of nutritional resources from a diverse plant community. Pollen is the primary …

Climate change alters the abiotic constraints faced by plants, including increasing
temperature and water stress. These changes may affect flower development and …

Current predictions suggest that in temperate zones climate change will increase the
frequency of extreme events such as summer droughts, leading to deficit in water availability …

Intensification of agriculture and associated loss of habitat heterogeneity is a key driver of
global declines in insect pollinators. Pollinators utilise different habitats to meet resource …

Bumblebees are a diverse group of globally important pollinators in natural ecosystems and
for agricultural food production. With both eusocial and solitary life-cycle phases, and some …

Honey bee colonies, foraging predominantly on a single pollen source, may encounter
nutritional deficits. In the present study, we examined the nutritional resilience of honey bee …

The removal of pollen by flower‐visiting insects is costly to plants, not only in terms of
production, but also via lost reproductive potential. Modern angiosperms have evolved …