We examine the factors leading to creation and growth ofnational Old-Age Insurance (OAI)
and Health Insurance schemes. None of the theories we test fit the data very well. There …

Case Study Research: Principles and Practices aims to provide a general understanding of
the case study method as well as specific tools for its successful implementation. These tools …

Peter Lindert inquires as to whether social policies that redistribute income impose
constraints on economic growth. Although taxes and transfers have been debated for …

This article presents a reconstructed definition of the case study approach to research. This
definition emphasizes comparative politics, which has been closely linked to this method …

Estimates of democracy's effect on the public sector are obtained from comparisons of 142
countries over the years 1960–90. Based on three tenets of voting theory–that voting mutes …

This paper tests several leading hypotheses on determinants of government expenditure.
The purpose is to avoid omitted variables bias by testing the prominent theories in a …

Over the last two centuries, many countries experienced regime transitions toward
democracy. We document this democratic transition over a long time horizon. We use …

We provide a model for analyzing effects of the tax system and spending programs on the
determination of government spending and taxpayer welfare. An improvement in the …

The introduction of income taxation was a landmark in the historical development of the
fiscal state of the now developed world. This paper presents an event history study of the …

This article analyzes the response of earnings to payroll tax rates using a cohort-based
reform in Greece. Individuals who started working on or after 1993 face permanently a much …