Water scarcity is a grand challenge that has always stimulated research interests in finding
effective means for pure water production. In this context, reverse osmosis (RO) is …

Reverse osmosis (RO) membranes are widely employed due to their inherent advantage of
achieving excellent water permeation rates and high salt rejection. However, fouling is a …

Thin-film composite reverse osmosis membranes have remained the gold standard
technology for desalination and water purification for nearly half a century. Polyamide films …

Ultrafast water permeation in aquaporins is promoted by their hydrophobic interior surface.
Polytetrafluoroethylene has a dense fluorine surface, leading to its strong water repellence …

Sustainable and affordable supply of clean, safe, and adequate water is one of the most
challenging issues facing the world. Membrane separation technology is one of the most …

Over the past decades, water scarcity and security have significantly stimulated the
advances of reverse osmosis (RO) technology, which dominates the global desalination …

Ion exchange membranes (IEMs) have been established as a key component in industrial
water desalination and electrolysis processes. Thus, nowadays, they are being studied and …

BACKGROUND Synthetic membranes are used for desalination, dialysis, sterile filtration,
food processing, dehydration of air and other industrial, medical, and environmental …

Chlorination is a common practice to prevent biofouling in municipal water supplies,
wastewater reuse and seawater desalination. However, polyamide thin-film composite …

Low flux and fouling are critical issues in membrane based separation processes. Here we
report a two-dimensional (2D) MXene (Ti3C2Tx) modified with Ag nanoparticles (Ag …