Data will be reviewed using the acoustic startle reflex in rats and humans based on our
attempts to operationally define fear vs anxiety. Although the symptoms of fear and anxiety …

Not only do anxiety and depression diagnoses tend to co-occur, but their symptoms are
highly correlated. Although a plethora of research has examined longitudinal associations …

Initiated as part of the ongoing deliberation about the nosological structure of DSM, this
review aims to evaluate whether the anxiety disorders share features of responding that …

In September 2006, members of the Sex, Gender and Pain Special Interest Group of the
International Association for the Study of Pain met to discuss the following:(1) what is known …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is common and moderately heritable. Recurrence and
early age at onset characterize cases with the greatest familial risk. Major depressive …

The reviewed data show that major depressive disorder involves specific abnormalities in
the cognitive and neural processing of emotional information and that these abnormalities …

Rationale Preclinical data indicates that threat stimuli elicit two classes of defensive
behaviors, those that are associated with imminent danger and are characterized by flight or …

Background The familial nature of early-onset major depressive disorder (MDD) has been
documented in numerous family studies of adults and is supported by studies of offspring of …

Guided by the diagnostic nosology, anxiety patients are expected to show defensive
hyperarousal during affective challenge, irrespective of the principal phenotype. In the …

Psychopathologies such as anxiety-and depression-related disorders are often
characterized by impaired social behaviours including excessive aggression and violence …