Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS, eg nitric oxide, NO) are
well recognised for playing a dual role as both deleterious and beneficial species. ROS and …

Obesity is gaining acceptance as a serious primary health burden that impairs the quality of
life because of its associated complications, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases …

Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of both type 1 and
type 2 diabetes. Insulin, which is produced in β-cells, is a critical regulator of metabolism …

Maintenance of normal blood glucose levels depends on a complex interplay between the
insulin responsiveness of skeletal muscle and liver and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion …

The major focus of this Review is on the mechanisms of islet β cell failure in the
pathogenesis of obesity-associated type 2 diabetes (T2D). As this demise occurs within the …

Type 2 diabetes is a worldwide increasing disease resulting from the interaction between a
subject's genetic makeup and lifestyle. In genetically predisposed subjects, the combination …

Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is incompletely coupled, since protons translocated
to the intermembrane space by specific respiratory complexes of the electron transport chain …

It is postulated that localized tissue oxidative stress is a key component in the development
of diabetic nephropathy. There remains controversy, however, as to whether this is an early …

Blood glucose levels are tightly controlled by the coordinated action of at least four cell types
constituting pancreatic islets. Changes in the proportion and/or function of these cells are …

Glucose in chronic excess causes toxic effects on structure and function of organs, including
the pancreatic islet. Multiple biochemical pathways and mechanisms of action for glucose …