Despite a short history since its first isolation, Akkermansia muciniphila has been extensively
studied in relation to its effects on human metabolism. A recent human intervention study …

The enteric nervous system (ENS) is an extensive network comprising millions of neurons
and glial cells contained within the wall of the gastrointestinal tract. The major functions of …

The intestinal epithelium senses nutritional and microbial stimuli using epithelial sensory
enteroendocrine cells (EEC). EECs communicate nutritional information to the nervous …

Background Beneficial effects of carbohydrate fermentation on gastrointestinal health are
well established. Conversely, protein fermentation generates harmful metabolites but their …

Abstract Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT) is a multifunctional bioamine with
important signaling roles in a range of physiological pathways. Almost all of the 5-HT in our …

Guided by sight, scent, texture, and taste, animals ingest food. Once ingested, it is up to the
gut to make sense of the food's nutritional value. Classic sensory systems rely on …

The present review examines the pig as a model for physiological studies in human subjects
related to nutrient sensing, appetite regulation, gut barrier function, intestinal microbiota and …

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract senses the ingestion of food and responds by signaling to the
brain to promote satiation and satiety. Representing an important part of the gut–brain axis …

The human intestinal microbiota, also known as the gut microbiota, comprises more than
100 trillion organisms, mainly bacteria. This number exceeds the host body cells by a factor …

Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) are an essential interface between the gut and brain that
communicate signals about nutrients, pain, and even information from our microbiome …