In this paper, a new iterative adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) algorithm is developed
to solve optimal control problems for infinite horizon discrete-time nonlinear systems with …

A tracking controller is developed for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems subject to
unknown time-varying input delay and additive disturbances. A novel filtered error signal is …

Minimizing the amount of electrical stimulation can potentially mitigate the adverse effects of
muscle fatigue during functional electrical stimulation (FES) induced limb movements. A …

Electromechanical delay (EMD) and uncertain nonlinear muscle dynamics can cause
destabilizing effects and performance loss during closed-loop control of neuromuscular …

A control scheme is developed for multijoint upper limb reference tracking using functional
electrical stimulation (FES). In accordance with the needs of stroke rehabilitation, FES is …

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) has been widely used to treat spinal cord injury (SCI)
patients. Many research studies employ a closed-loop FES system to monitor the stimulated …

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) induces muscle contractions via electrical
stimuli. NMES can be used for rehabilitation and to enable functional movements; however …

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is a promising technique to artificially activate
muscles as a means to potentially restore the capability to perform functional tasks in …

Previous results have shown experimental evidence that the muscle response to
neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is delayed; the time lag is often referred to as …

We present a new tracking controller for neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), which
is an emerging technology that artificially stimulates skeletal muscles to help restore …