Many cancer types metastasize to bone. This propensity may be a product of genetic traits of
the primary tumour in some cancers. Upon arrival, cancer cells establish interactions with …

Recent studies conducted over the past 10 years evidence the intriguing role of the tumor
suppressor gene Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog deleted on Chromosome 10 PTEN in …

Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related
mortality worldwide. The tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) stage remains the standard for CRC …

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer is associated with an increased risk
of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The mechanistic connection between ADT …

The major challenge in the treatment of patients with advanced lethal prostate cancer is
therapeutic resistance to androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) and chemotherapy …

Highlights•Current cancer therapy targets both the tumor and the immune system.•Tumor
microenvironment (TME) regulates the anti-tumor immune responses.•Tumor-infiltrating …

Loss of the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome
10 (PTEN), which negatively regulates the PI3K–AKT–mTOR pathway, is strongly linked to …

The PI3K signaling pathway is activated in a majority of cancer types. It promotes
tumorigenesis by regulating nutrient metabolism, cell proliferation, survival, migration, and …

Rapid (nongenomic) membrane-initiated androgen actions have been described in nuclear
androgen receptor–null cells. Four distinct proteins have been proposed as membrane …

Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a lethal stage of disease in which androgen
receptor (AR) signaling is persistent despite androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Most …