Mosses in northern ecosystems are ubiquitous components of plant communities, and
strongly influence nutrient, carbon and water cycling. We use literature review, synthesis and …

Numerous international scientific assessments and related articles have, during the last
decade, described the observed and potential impacts of climate change as well as other …

The boreal forest biome is a major component of Earth's biosphere and climate system that
is projected to shift northward due to continued climate change over the coming century …

Understanding how plants survive drought and cold is increasingly important as plants
worldwide experience dieback with drought in moist places and grow taller with warming in …

The topics assessed in this chapter were last assessed by the IPCC in 2007, principally in
WGII AR4 Chapters 3 (Kundzewicz et al., 2007) and 4 (Fischlin et al., 2007), but also in WGII …

An increasing number of studies have reported on forest declines and vegetation shifts
triggered by drought. In the Swiss Rhone valley (Valais), one of the driest inner‐Alpine …

Circumpolar expansion of tall shrubs and trees into Arctic tundra is widely thought to be
occurring as a result of recent climate warming, but little quantitative evidence exists for …

The current rate of warming due to increases in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is very
likely unprecedented over the last 10,000 y. Although the majority of countries have adopted …

Understanding niche evolution, dynamics, and the response of species to climate change
requires knowledge of the determinants of the environmental niche and species range limits …

High‐altitude treelines are temperature‐limited vegetation boundaries, but little quantitative
evidence exists about the impact of climate change on treelines in untouched areas of …