Inflammatory activation of microglia is a hallmark of several disorders of the central nervous
system. In addition to protecting the brain against inflammatory insults, microglia are …

Emerging data indicate that progesterone has multiple non-reproductive functions in the
central nervous system to regulate cognition, mood, inflammation, mitochondrial function …

Estrogen is an important hormone signal that regulates multiple tissues and functions in the
body. This review focuses on the neurotrophic and neuroprotective actions of estrogen in the …

Aging is an inevitable biological process characterized by a progressive decline in
physiological function and increased susceptibility to disease. The detrimental effects of …

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a wide class of disorders of the central nervous
system (CNS) with unknown etiology. Several factors were hypothesized to be involved in …

Risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with age-related loss of sex steroid
hormones in both women and men. In post-menopausal women, the precipitous depletion of …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that accounts for
more than half of all dementia cases in the elderly. Interestingly, the clinical manifestations of …

Sex differences in neurological disease extend from incidence, severity, progression and
symptoms and may ultimately influence treatment. Cognitive disturbances are frequent in …

Ample evidence has demonstrated that sex steroid hormones, such as the potent estrogen
17β-estradiol (E2), affect hippocampal morphology, plasticity, and memory in male and …

Estrogen depletion in postmenopausal women is a significant risk factor for the development
of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and estrogen-based hormone therapy may reduce this risk …