This review is part of the series on the clinical neurophysiology of movement disorders. It
focuses on Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism. The topics covered include the …

In humans, execution of unimanual motor tasks requires a neural network that is capable of
restricting neuronal motor output activity to the primary motor cortex (M1) contralateral to the …

To perform strictly unilateral movements, the brain relies on a large cortical and subcortical
network. This network enables healthy adults to perform complex unimanual motor tasks …

Electromyographic mirror activity (MA) refers to involuntary activation of the non‐active limb
during intended strictly unilateral movements of the other limb. MA occurs in the majority of …

Mirror movements (MM) occur in early, asymmetric Parkinson's disease (PD). To examine
the pathophysiology of MM in PD, we studied 13 PD patients with MM (PD‐MM), 7 PD …

It has long been known that practicing a task with one limb can result in performance
improvements with the opposite, untrained limb. Hypotheses to account for cross-limb …

Idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is a major risk factor for
Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Anatomical gray matter abnormalities …

Abstract Treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease with levodopa has profound effects
on both movement and the pattern of movement-related reactivity in the subthalamic nucleus …

Background Mirror movements (MM) are involuntary movements of homologous muscles
during voluntary movements of contralateral body regions. While subtle mirroring can be …

Background. The neurophysiological mechanisms underlying improved upper-extremity
motor skills have been partially investigated in patients with good motor recovery but are …