Evolution is the hallmark of life. Descriptions of the evolution of microorganisms have
provided a wealth of information, but knowledge regarding “what happened” has precluded …

DNA transposons are defined segments of DNA that are able to move from one genomic
location to another. Movement is facilitated by one or more proteins, called the transposase …

Abstract In the 1960s–1980s, determination of bacterial growth rates was an important tool
in microbial genetics, biochemistry, molecular biology, and microbial physiology. The …

Currently available tools for multiplex bacterial genome engineering are optimized for a few
laboratory model strains, demand extensive prior modification of the host strain, and lead to …

The rapid rise of antibiotic resistance, combined with the increasing cost and difficulties to
develop new antibiotics, calls for treatment strategies that enable more sustainable antibiotic …

Mutation is the engine of evolution in that it generates the genetic variation on which the
evolutionary process depends. To understand the evolutionary process we must therefore …

Angiosperms represent one of the key examples of evolutionary success, and their diversity
dwarfs other land plants; this success has been linked, in part, to genome size and …

Operons are a hallmark of the genomic and regulatory architecture of prokaryotes. However,
the mechanism by which two genes placed far apart gradually come close and form operons …

The temporal change of phenotypes during the adaptive process remains largely
unexplored, as do the genetic changes that affect these phenotypic changes. Here we …

Microorganisms impact spaceflight in a variety of ways. They play a positive role in
biological systems, such as waste water treatment but can be problematic through buildups …