Skeletal and extraskeletal actions of vitamin D: current evidence and outstanding questions

R Bouillon, C Marcocci, G Carmeliet, D Bikle… - Endocrine …, 2019 - academic.oup.com
The etiology of endemic rickets was discovered a century ago. Vitamin D is the precursor of
25-hydroxyvitamin D and other metabolites, including 1, 25 (OH) 2D, the ligand for the …

Sunlight and Vitamin D: A global perspective for health

M Wacker, MF Holick - Dermato-endocrinology, 2013 - Taylor & Francis
Vitamin D is the sunshine vitamin that has been produced on this earth for more than 500
million years. During exposure to sunlight 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin absorbs UV B …

Controversies in vitamin D: summary statement from an international conference

A Giustina, RA Adler, N Binkley… - The Journal of …, 2019 - academic.oup.com
Context Vitamin D is classically recognized as a regulator of calcium and phosphorus
metabolism. Recent advances in the measurement of vitamin D metabolites, diagnosis of …

Modulation of the immune response to respiratory viruses by vitamin D

CL Greiller, AR Martineau - Nutrients, 2015 - mdpi.com
Background: Vitamin D deficiency has been shown to be independently associated with
increased risk of viral acute respiratory infection (ARI) in a number of observational studies …

Vitamin D and inflammatory diseases

K Yin, DK Agrawal - Journal of inflammation research, 2014 - Taylor & Francis
Beyond its critical function in calcium homeostasis, vitamin D has recently been found to
play an important role in the modulation of the immune/inflammation system via regulating …

1, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and IL-2 combine to inhibit T cell production of inflammatory cytokines and promote development of regulatory T cells expressing CTLA-4 …

LE Jeffery, F Burke, M Mura, Y Zheng… - The journal of …, 2009 - journals.aai.org
The active form of vitamin D, 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 (1, 25 (OH) 2 D 3), has potent
immunomodulatory properties that have promoted its potential use in the prevention and …

Vitamin D and the anti-viral state

JA Beard, A Bearden, R Striker - Journal of Clinical Virology, 2011 - Elsevier
Vitamin D has long been recognized as essential to the skeletal system. Newer evidence
suggests that it also plays a major role regulating the immune system, perhaps including …

Inflammation and vitamin D: the infection connection

M Mangin, R Sinha, K Fincher - Inflammation Research, 2014 - Springer
Introduction Inflammation is believed to be a contributing factor to many chronic diseases.
The influence of vitamin D deficiency on inflammation is being explored but studies have not …

A review of the critical role of vitamin D in the functioning of the immune system and the clinical implications of vitamin D deficiency

GK Schwalfenberg - Molecular nutrition & food research, 2011 - Wiley Online Library
This review looks at the critical role of vitamin D in improving barrier function, production of
antimicrobial peptides including cathelicidin and some defensins, and immune modulation …

Vitamin D: extraskeletal health

MF Holick - Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics, 2010 - endo.theclinics.com
Vitamin D is one of the oldest hormones. 1 Early in evolution as unicellular organisms
evolved and took advantage of the sun's energy for photosynthesis of sugars, they also …