Due to climate change, population explosion, shrinkage of arable land and reduced water
availability, a paradigm shift in global crop production is occurring towards protected …

One of the most important direct defense responses in plants against the attack by
phytophagous insects is the production of insecticidal peptides or proteins. One particular …

Lectins are carbohydrate binding (glyco) proteins which are ubiquitous in nature. In plants,
they are distributed in various families and hence ingested daily in appreciable amounts by …

Plant-parasitic nematodes are a major threat to crop production in all countries, and
identification of nematodes and knowledge of their biology is of paramount importance …

Summary Taxonomy Superkingdom Eukaryota; Kingdom Metazoa; Phylum Nematoda;
Class Chromadorea; Order Tylenchida; Suborder Tylenchina; Infraorder Tylenchomorpha; …

Plant‐parasitic nematodes are major pests of both temperate and tropical agriculture. Many
of the most damaging species employ an advanced parasitic strategy in which they induce …

In the past two decades, chloroplast genetic engineering has been advanced to achieve
high‐level protein accumulation but not for down‐regulation of targeted genes. Therefore, in …

Plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are obligate biotrophic parasites causing serious damage
and reduction in crop yields. Several economically important genera parasitize various crop …

Lectins are multivalent proteins with the ability to recognize and bind diverse carbohydrate
structures. The glyco-binding and diverse molecular structures observed in these protein …

This chapter covers the history and development of nematicides; active substances in
fumigant and non-fumigant nematicides; formulation and application of liquid formulations …