The human gastrointestinal tract is populated with a diverse microbial community. The vast
genetic and metabolic potential of the gut microbiome underpins its ubiquity in nearly every …

Alternative splicing is a substantial contributor to the high complexity of transcriptomes of
multicellular eukaryotes. In this Review, we discuss the accumulated evidence that most of …

The human body is full of an extensive number of commensal microbes, consisting of
bacteria, viruses, and fungi, collectively termed the human microbiome. The initial …

Integration of sensory and molecular inputs from the environment shapes animal behaviour.
A major site of exposure to environmental molecules is the gastrointestinal tract, in which …

Alterations in the gut microbiota composition have been associated with a range of
neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric disorders. The gut microbes …

Importance Evidence of gut microbiota perturbations has accumulated for multiple
psychiatric disorders, with microbiota signatures proposed as potential biomarkers …

Crosstalk between gut and brain has long been appreciated in health and disease, and the
gut microbiota is a key player in communication between these two distant organs. Yet, the …

The role of the intestinal microbiota as a regulator of gut-brain axis signalling has risen to
prominence in recent years. Understanding the relationship between the gut microbiota, the …

Microbiotas are a malleable part of ecosystems, including the human ecosystem.
Microorganisms affect not only the chemistry of their specific niche, such as the human gut …

Efforts to model the human gut microbiome in mice have led to important insights into the
mechanisms of host-microbe interactions. However, the model communities studied to date …