Tissue engineering (TE) is an interdisciplinary field integrating engineering, material science
and medical biology that aims to develop biological substitutes to repair, replace, retain, or …

The extracellular matrix (ECM) and its mechanical properties play an important role in
regulating the cellular responses that occur during tissue regeneration, wound healing, and …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), coming from a wide range of sources, have multi-
directional differentiation ability. MSCs play vital roles in immunomodulation, hematopoiesis …

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) represent one of the most studied allotropes of carbon. The
unique physicochemical properties of CNTs make them among prime candidates for …

Polypyrrole is an example of inherently electrically conductive polymer that is employed in
the biomedical arena because of its low cost, excellent electroconductive properties, and …

Bone fractures are common occurrence in clinical settings, creating a high demand for
effective repair material. Unfortunately, limited graft availability, donor site morbidities …

Hydrogels with high water content and porous structures are excellent 3D scaffolds for
various applications in tissue engineering. Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels with cell …

Cell transplantation holds immense potential for reversing diseases that are currently
incurable and for regenerating tissues. However, poor cell survival, cell aggregation and …

Cardiac tissue damage due to myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of
mortality worldwide. The available treatments of MI include pharmaceutical therapy, medical …

The field of regenerative medicine spans a wide area of the biomedical landscape—from
single cell culture in laboratories to human whole-organ transplantation. To ensure that …