The cell cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell, which drives it to divide and
produce two new daughter cells. The typical cell cycle in eukaryotes is composed of the …

Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1), a key member in the TGF-β superfamily, plays a
critical role in the development of hepatic fibrosis. Its expression is consistently elevated in …

ABSTRACT MAPK families play an important role in complex cellular programs like
proliferation, differentiation, development, transformation, and apoptosis. At least three …

MicroRNAs comprise a broad class of small non-coding RNAs that control expression of
complementary target messenger RNAs,. Dysregulation of microRNAs by several …

The transmission of extracellular signals into their intracellular targets is mediated by a
network of interacting proteins that regulate a large number of cellular processes …

Widmann, Christian, Spencer Gibson, Matthew B. Jarpe, and Gary L. Johnson. Mitogen-
Activated Protein Kinase: Conservation of a Three-Kinase Module From Yeast to Human …

The development of cancer is due to the accumulation of multiple somatic mutations and in
some cases due to germline mutations, which occur in malignancies such as retinoblastoma …

Tumour cells emerge as a result of genetic alteration of signal circuitries promoting cell
growth and survival, whereas their expansion relies on nutrient supply. Oxygen limitation is …

The Ras-dependent extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 mitogen-activated
protein (MAP) kinase pathway plays a central role in cell proliferation control. In normal cells …

Publisher Summary The chapter introduces the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase
(MAPK) module. The identification of MAP kinase pathways exemplifies the power of …