Global warming is amplified in the Arctic. However, numerical models struggle to represent
key processes that determine Arctic weather and climate. To collect data that help to …

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessments are the trusted source of
scientific evidence for climate negotiations taking place under the United Nations …

Earth's energy imbalance (EEI) is a fundamental metric of global Earth system change,
quantifying the cumulative impact of natural and anthropogenic radiative forcings and …

Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions and their
redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate …

Simple climate models (also known as emulators) have re-emerged as critical tools for the
analysis of climate policy. Emulators are efficient and highly parameterised, where the …

The regulation introduced in 2020 that limits the sulfur content in ship** fuel has reduced
sulfur emissions over global open oceans by about 80%. This is expected to have reduced …

The special reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) have a
unique character in IPCC scientific assessment. Their main purpose is to address specific …

Radiative efficiency (RE) is a climate metric adopted in international reports on climate
change to quantify the greenhouse capacity of gases, and hence to guide decision-making …

Limiting global warming to well below 2∘ C by the end of the century is an ambitious target
that requires immediate and unprecedented emission reductions. In the absence of sufficient …

This paper presents a first comprehensive analysis of long-term measurements of
atmospheric aerosol components from aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) and …