Throughout Earth's history, CO2 is thought to have exerted a fundamental control on
environmental change. Here we review and revise CO2 reconstructions from boron isotopes …

Water plays a critical role in erosion and sediment transport and this relationship is most
evident in the hyperarid Atacama Desert of Northern Chile, a region characterized by …

Abstract The Early Eocene Climate Optimum (EECO, which occurred about 51 to 53 million
years ago), was the warmest interval of the past 65 million years, with mean annual surface …

Abstract Theory and climate modelling suggest that the sensitivity of Earth's climate to
changes in radiative forcing could depend on the background climate. However …

Rapidly rising levels of atmospheric CO2 are not only causing ocean warming, but also
lowering seawater pH hence the carbonate saturation state of the oceans, on which many …

During the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT; 1,200–800 kya), Earth's orbitally paced ice age
cycles intensified, lengthened from∼ 40,000 (∼ 40 ky) to∼ 100 ky, and became distinctly …

Ocean acidification triggered by Siberian Trap volcanism was a possible kill mechanism for
the Permo-Triassic Boundary mass extinction, but direct evidence for an acidification event …

The middle Miocene Climatic Optimum (17–15Ma; MCO) is a period of global warmth and
relatively high CO2 and is thought to be associated with a significant retreat of the Antarctic …

The cause of changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) during the recent ice ages is yet
to be fully explained. Most mechanisms for glacial–interglacial CO2 change have centred on …

Over the course of the Neogene, the Earth underwent profound climatic shifts from the
sustained warmth of the middle Miocene to the development of Plio-Pleistocene glacial …