Of all the renewable energy sources (RESs)―except direct solar heat and light―wind
energy is believed to have the least adverse environmental impacts. It is also one of the RES …

Wind energy development contributes substantially to achieve climate protection goals.
Unintended side effects, especially on wildlife, have long been discussed and substantial …

The potential effects of the proposed increase in wind energy developments on birds are
explored using information from studies of existing wind farms. Evidence of the four main …

A major perceived cost of migration in birds is the associated mortality. This mortality has
proved difficult to measure and separate from mortality during stationary periods of the …

There is extensive literature on avian mortality due to collision with man‐made structures,
including wind turbines, communication masts, tall buildings and windows, power lines, and …

Summary 1 The number of wind farms is increasing worldwide. Despite their purported
environmental benefits, wind energy developments are not without potential adverse …

Wind-farms receive public and governmental support as an alternative energy source
mitigating air pollution. However, they can have adverse effects on wildlife, particularly …

There is an urgent need for climate change mitigation, of which the promotion of renewable
energy, such as from wind farms, is an important component. Birds are expected to be …

Wind is increasingly being used as a renewable energy source around the world. Avian
mortality is one of the negative impacts of wind energy and a new technique that reduces …

Abstract The 165‐km2 Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area (APWRA) in west‐central
California includes 5,400 wind turbines, each rated to generate between 40 kW and 400 kW …