Significance: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a specialized organelle for the folding and
trafficking of proteins, which is highly sensitive to changes in intracellular homeostasis and …

Abstract Glucose-Regulated Protein 78 (GRP78) is a chaperone protein that is
predominantly expressed in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. GRP78 plays a crucial …

The glucose-regulated proteins (GRPs) are stress-inducible chaperones that mostly reside
in the endoplasmic reticulum or the mitochondria. Recent advances show that the GRPs …

Inflammation, as a feature of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), leads to the activation of endothelial
cells (ECs). Activated ECs induce atherosclerosis through an increased expression of …

In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), macrophage is one of the major sources of inflammatory
mediators. Macrophages produce inflammatory cytokines through toll‐like receptor (TLR) …

Prolonged perturbation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leads to ER stress and unfolded
protein response (UPR) and contributes to the pathogenesis of various chronic disorders …

Inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endoribonuclease 1α (IRE1α) is the most
prominent and evolutionarily conserved endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein …

Objective To investigate the role of autophagy in the regulation of cell death in rheumatoid
arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs). Methods RASFs and osteoarthritis synovial fibroblasts …

Background: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multi-functional organelle responsible for
cellular homeostasis, protein synthesis, folding and secretion. It has been increasingly …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease which affects about
0.5–1% of people with symptoms that significantly impact a sufferer's lifestyle. The cells …