The cornerstone of finite‐time thermodynamics is all about the price of haste and how to
minimize it. Reversible processes may be ultimately efficient, but they are unrealistically …

In this review, we give an overview of recent literature on the structure and stability of
unimolecular G-rich quadruplex structures that are relevant to drug design and for in vivo …

Folding may be described conceptually in terms of trajectories over a landscape of free
energies corresponding to different molecular configurations. In practice, energy landscapes …

The RNA pseudoknot that stimulates programmed ribosomal frameshifting in SARS-CoV-2
is a possible drug target. To understand how it responds to mechanical tension applied by …

Some of the rate theories that are most useful for modeling biological processes are
reviewed. By delving into some of the details and subtleties in the development of the …

Programmed− 1 frameshifting, whereby the reading frame of a ribosome on messenger RNA
is shifted in order to generate an alternate gene product, is often triggered by a pseudoknot …

Many viruses use programmed–1 ribosomal frameshifting to express defined ratios of
structural and enzymatic proteins. Pseudoknot structures in messenger RNAs stimulate …

Friday, February 26, 2021 313a pseudoknot. We modeled isolated monomeric pseudoknots
as well as monomers paired through a dimerization domain in loop 2, finding similar fold …

Hydrogen bonds play a critical role in nucleobase studies as they encode genes, map
protein structures, provide stability to the base pairs, and are involved in spontaneous and …

Highlights•Studying biomolecular folding with optical tweezers grants high dynamic
range.•Combining optical tweezers with molecular dynamics simulation enables accurate …