Bacteria and their viruses have coevolved for billions of years. This ancient and still ongoing
arms race has led bacteria to develop a vast antiphage arsenal. The development of high …

Host defense against viral pathogens is an essential function for all living organisms. In cell-
intrinsic innate immunity, dedicated sensor proteins recognize molecular signatures of …

Artificial intelligence-based protein structure prediction methods such as AlphaFold have
revolutionized structural biology. The accuracies of these predictions vary, however, and …

A fundamental strategy of eukaryotic antiviral immunity involves the cGAS enzyme, which
synthesizes 2′, 3′-cGAMP and activates the effector STING. Diverse bacteria contain …

The rapid evolution of viruses generates proteins that are essential for infectivity and
replication but with unknown functions, due to extreme sequence divergence. Here, using a …

CRISPR-Cas13 proteins are RNA-guided RNA nucleases that defend against incoming
RNA and DNA phages by binding to complementary target phage transcripts followed by …

Highlights•Many antiphage systems trigger regulated death of the infected cell.•Regulated
cell death protects the nearby population from the spread of infection.•Over 70% of …

Bacteria encode hundreds of diverse defence systems that protect them from viral infection
and inhibit phage propagation,,,–. Gabija is one of the most prevalent anti-phage defence …

It was recently shown that bacteria use, apart from CRISPR–Cas and restriction systems, a
considerable diversity of phage resistance systems,,–, but it is largely unknown how phages …

The global rise of antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens and the waning efficacy of
antibiotics urge consideration of alternative antimicrobial strategies. Phage therapy is a …