The paper presents a multilevel item response model for item position effects. It includes
individual differences regarding the position effect to which we refer to as the persistence of …

In many testing programs it is assumed that the context or position in which an item is
administered does not have a differential effect on examinee responses to the item …

Emotion recognition has been drawing the attention of researchers and practitioners in
recent years. While various research studies show successful applications to recognize and …

The mixture Rasch model is a popular mixture model for analyzing multivariate binary data.
The drawback of this model is that the number of estimated parameters substantially …

In educational large-scale assessment (LSA) studies such as PISA, item response theory
(IRT) scaling models summarize students' performance on cognitive test items across …

Position effects may occur in both paper–pencil tests and computerized assessments when
examinees respond to the same test items located in different positions on the test. To …

Studies have shown that item difficulty can vary significantly based on the context of an item
within a test form. In particular, item position may be associated with practice and fatigue …

Mit der wachsenden Verbreitung empirischer Schulleistungsleistungen im Large-Scale
Assessment gehen eine Reihe methodischer Herausforderungen einher. Die vorliegende …

A multidimensional Bayesian item response model is proposed for modeling item position
effects. The first dimension corresponds to the ability that is to be measured; the second …

The location of the same item in different positions among booklets leads to a biased
estimation of item parameters. This undesirable effect on the probability of answering the …