Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a genetically complex and heterogeneous disorder with
multifaceted neuropathological features, including β-amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary …

In this Seminar, we highlight the main developments in the field of Alzheimer's disease. The
most recent data indicate that, by 2050, the prevalence of dementia will double in Europe …

Brain function critically depends on a close matching between metabolic demands,
appropriate delivery of oxygen and nutrients, and removal of cellular waste. This matching …

The brain requires a continuous supply of energy in the form of ATP, most of which is
produced from glucose by oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, complemented by …

Vascular contributions to dementia and Alzheimer's disease are increasingly recognized,,,,–.
Recent studies have suggested that breakdown of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is an early …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible brain disorder associated with slow, progressive
loss of brain functions mostly in older people. The disease processes start years before the …

The application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in the neurosciences has
been expanding over the last 40 years. Today, it is addressing a wide range of applications …

An excess of saturated fatty acids and simple sugars in the diet is a known environmental
risk factor of Alzheimer's disease (AD) but the holistic view of the interacting processes …

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is predominately caused by vascular risk factors and
cerebrovascular disease. VCI includes a broad spectrum of cognitive disorders, from mild …

Perivascular spaces include a variety of passageways around arterioles, capillaries and
venules in the brain, along which a range of substances can move. Although perivascular …