Animal mitochondrial DNA is a small, extrachromosomal genome, typically∼ 16 kb in size.
With few exceptions, all animal mitochondrial genomes contain the same 37 genes: two for …

Carey, Hannah V., Matthew T. Andrews, and Sandra L. Martin. Mammalian Hibernation:
Cellular and Molecular Responses to Depressed Metabolism and Low Temperature. Physiol …

Following our traditional concept of Mammalia, and thus including a number of forms known
only by fossils of the Mesozoic, the earliest mammals are from the Late Triassic, a bit over …

Dating the tree of life is a core endeavor in evolutionary biology. Rates of evolution are
fundamental to nearly every evolutionary model and process. Rates need dates. There is …

Vertebrate palaeontology is a lively field, with new discoveries reported every week... and
not only dinosaurs! This new edition reflects the international scope of vertebrate …

The role of fossils in dating the tree of life has been misunderstood. Fossils can provide
good “minimum” age estimates for branches in the tree, but “maximum” constraints on those …

▪ Abstract Recent results from ancestral (minimally derived) protists testify to the tremendous
diversity of the mitochondrial genome in various eukaryotic lineages, but also reinforce the …

One of the most important aspects of mitochondrial (mt) genome evolution in Metazoa is
constancy of size and gene content of mtDNA, whose plasticity is maintained through a great …

Gene arrangement comparisons are a powerful tool for phylogenetic studies, especially
those focused on ancient relationships. Recent reports using metazoan mitochondrial …

Knowledge of the rate of point mutation is of fundamental importance, because mutations
are a vital source of genetic novelty and a significant cause of human diseases. Currently …