The kidney requires a large number of mitochondria to remove waste from the blood and
regulate fluid and electrolyte balance. Mitochondria provide the energy to drive these …

The possibility that proteinuria may accelerate kidney disease progression to end-stage
renal failure has received support from the results of increasing numbers of experimental …

Tubulointerstitial abnormalities are predictive of the progression of diabetic kidney disease
(DKD), and their targeting may be an effective means for prevention. Proximal tubular (PT) …

There is an epidemic of obesity and the metabolic syndrome in the United States and across
the world. Both entities are associated with high mortality, mainly as a result of …

Excess fatty acids accompanied by triglyceride accumulation in parenchymal cells of
multiple tissues including skeletal and cardiac myocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic beta …

Albumin has a long historical involvement in design of media for the successful culture of
mammalian cells, in both the research and commercial fields. The potential application of …

There are many different glomerular disorders, including glomerulonephritis, diabetic
nephropathy, and hypertensive nephrosclerosis. However, once glomerular damage …

Diabetes mellitus contributes greatly to morbidity, mortality, and overall health care costs. In
major part, these outcomes derive from the high incidence of progressive kidney dysfunction …

Renal proximal tubular cells are the most energy-demanding cells in the body. The ATP that
they use is mostly produced in their mitochondrial and peroxisomal compartments, by the …

In chronic kidney disease (CKD), once injury from any number of disease processes
reaches a threshold, there follows an apparently irreversible course toward decline in kidney …