Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis
and defense of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous in …

Astrocytes, the most numerous glial cells in the brain, play an important role in preserving
normal neural functions and mediating the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. Recent …

Abstract Information transfer within neuronal circuits depends on the balance and recurrent
activity of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. Chloride (Cl−) is the major central …

GABA A receptors not only respond to the local release of GABA from presynaptic terminals,
but can also mediate a persistent 'tonic current'. This reflects the activation of high-affinity …

A long-standing question in neurobiology is whether astrocytes respond to the neuronal
release of neurotransmitters in vivo. To address this question, acutely isolated hippocampal …

Astrocytes as a cell population are not well defined and comprise a heterogeneous
population of cells. There are at least 9 different morphological variants which can coexist …

Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most prevalent seizure disorder in adults. Compromised
inhibitory neurotransmitter function in the hippocampus contributes to the hyperexcitability …

In the brain, astrocytes are associated intimately with neurons and surround synapses. Due
to their close proximity to synaptic clefts, astrocytes are in a prime location for receiving …

Verkhratsky, Alexej, Richard K. Orkand, and Helmut Kettenmann. Glial Calcium:
Homeostasis and Signaling Function. Physiol. Rev. 78: 99–141, 1998.—Glial cells respond …

Seizures in patients presenting with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy result from the interaction
among neuronal networks in limbic structures such as the hippocampus, amygdala and …