The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is the prototype of the TGF-β family of growth and
differentiation factors, which is encoded by 33 genes in mammals and comprises homo-and …

Tissues stiffen during aging and during the pathological progression of cancer, fibrosis, and
cardiovascular disease. Extracellular matrix stiffness is emerging as a prominent mechanical …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a cytokine essential for the induction of the fibrotic
response and for the activation of the cancer stroma. Strong evidence suggests that a strong …

A compelling long-term goal of cancer biology is to understand the crucial players during
tumorigenesis in order to develop new interventions. Here, we review how the four non …

Inflammatory activation of microglia is a hallmark of several disorders of the central nervous
system. In addition to protecting the brain against inflammatory insults, microglia are …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) regulates cell growth and differentiation, apoptosis,
cell motility, extracellular matrix production, angiogenesis, and cellular immunity. It has a …

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), also designated matnxms, are a family of related zinc
metalloendopeptidases that function in the turnover of components of the extracellular …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into several lineages during development
and also contribute to tissue homeostasis and regeneration, although the requirements for …

Understanding wound healing today involves much more than simply stating that there are
three phases:“inflammation, proliferation, and maturation.” Wound healing is a complex …

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of nine or more highly homologous Zn++
endopeptidases that collectively cleave most if not all of the constituents of the extracellular …