Transient or permanent loss of tissue perfusion due to ischaemic stroke can lead to damage
to the neurovasculature, and disrupt brain homeostasis, causing long-term motor and …

Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) account for the majority of injury-related deaths in the United
States with roughly two million TBIs occurring annually. Due to the spectrum of severity and …

Swelling of the brain or spinal cord (CNS edema) affects millions of people every year. All
potential pharmacological interventions have failed in clinical trials, meaning that symptom …

Aquaporin channels facilitate bidirectional water flow in all cells and tissues. AQP4 is highly
expressed in astrocytes. In the CNS, it is enriched in astrocyte endfeet, at synapses, and at …

Background Slowed clearance of amyloid β (Aβ) is believed to underlie the development of
Aβ plaques that characterize Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ is cleared in part by the …

The glymphatic system is a fluid transport network of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) entering the
brain along arterial perivascular spaces, exchanging with interstitial fluid (ISF), ultimately …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is immediate damage caused by a blow to the head resulting
from traffic accidents, falls, and sporting activity, which causes death or serious disabilities in …

The cerebral vascular system stringently regulates cerebral blood flow (CBF). The
components of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) protect the brain from pathogenic infections …

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease,
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease are incurable and affect millions of …

The past 20 years have resulted in unprecedented progress in understanding brain energy
metabolism and its role in health and disease. In this review, which was initiated at the 14th …